baran, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi) The cipher used was a layered rebus-metonymy while the prosody used comparable layers of metaphors almost rendering the Rigveda as an allegory, presenting in a nutshell (in nuce) the Soma processing. bhāraṇ ʻ to spread or bring out from a kiln ʼ(Lahnda)(CDIAL 9463). Another expression was mleccha mukha 'copper', more precisely, 'copper ingot (muh)' Both Arya and mleccha were called bhāratam janam, a compound derived from the parole: भरत n A factitious metal compounded of copper, pewter, tin &c.भरताचें भांडें n A vessel made of the metal भरत. It is notable that mleccha was called milakkhu (as in milakkhu rajanam, 'copper coloured' in Pali) cognate with Meluhha and meant 'copper'. Mleccha vācas was so-called because of use of ungrammatical forms and incorrect pronunciations which did not meet the grammatical and literary rigour required for sacred mantras rendered in chandas, 'prosody'. Chandas, 'prosody' was the diction for the chanting of prayers and philosophical inquiries in Rigveda using Arya vācas, also of dasyu (daha 'people'), while Mleccha, 'parole' was the spoken form of dasyu (daha 'people'), mleccha vācas of proto-Indo-Aryan or Prakrits, which constituted the lingua franca of the civilization of the early Bronze Age and advances in cire perdue (lost-wax) casting methods using metal alloys. This mantra of Visvamitra protects the Bharata people. This compound Bhāratam Janam is attested by Viśvāmitra in Rigveda: viśvāmitrasya rakṣati brahmedam bhāratam janam Trans. 7000 inscriptions on Indus Script Corpora, almost all of which constitute metalwork catalogues by Bhāratam Janam, 'metalcaster folk'. BCE work by Vatsyayana on Vidya Samuddesa) which means 'Mleccha (Meluhha) cipher' and is listed as one of 64 arts taught to youth. The spoken form of the language of Vedic people was Mleccha (cognate Meluhha) and their writing system was mlecchita vikalpa (attested in a 6th cent. (See references of BB Lal, Saroj Bala & Kulbhushan Misra, Nicholas Kazanas contributions embedded). This trade in Soma (or, amśu ~~ ancu) might have occurred anytime after 7th millennium BCE, or 4th millennium BCE, the dates indicated for Rigveda, respectively, by astronomical/ archaeological or language evidence contained in the text. Musashi Tachikawa's Felicitation Volume, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, pp.3-24). (Staal, Frits, 2004, in: Three mountains and seven rivers in: Hino, Shoun and Toshihiro Wada, 2004, Three mountains and seven rivers: Prof. Frits Staal has indicated possible routes for such trade. The Samskritam expression túṣāra, 'frost, snow' is consistent with the Tushara ~~Tocharian cognates since Muztagh Ata is a high Himalayan mountain (24,758 ft.) cognate Mujavant was the mountain from which Soma was traded. The direction of borrowing amśu ~~ ancu is a matter to be studied further in historical linguistic studies, but is relatable to a date prior to 1900 BCE, the date of the Tarim mummies in Tushara (Tocharian). Amśu is a synonym for Soma (as Louis Renou noted that Rigveda is present in nuce, 'nutshell' in the themes related to Soma). Georges Pinault pointed to the concordance between Vedic and Tocharian: amśu ~~ ancu, 'iron' (Tocharian).
Ancient Historical linguistics and narratives: Rigveda, Mahabharata and other texts Annex 1 Ancu 'iron' (Tocharian), Assur and links with Vedic ~~ Mleccha (Meluhha) Annex 2 Jatugriha parva of Mahabharata (which attests Mleccha as a language) What language did the Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization people speak? To attempt an answer to this question, with all humility, I add a footnote that scholars of historical linguists accept (pace FBJ Kuiper, MB Emeneau, Colin Masica, Southworth) that a language union (linguistic area) existed, called Indian sprachbund.
This is a tribute to Frits Staal, Nicholas Kazanas, Georges Pinault, BB Lal, Saroj Bala & Kulbhushan Misra for their insightful researches which necessitate a fresh start for Vedic and IE studies together with delineation of Mleccha (Meluhha) of Indian sprachbund as the Proto-Indo-Aryan language Sarasvati-Sindhu civilization people spoke and wrote. Focus: Tin-bronzes, cire perdue castings, metalwork.Time: 7th millennium BCE. Locus: Ancient Sarasvati-Sindhu River Basins.
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